Joseph Andolina

Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end management investment company. Its objective is to provide long-term capital appreciation through investment primarily in equity securities of listed Australian companies. Its secondary objective is current income, which is expected to be derived from dividends and interest on Australian corporate and governmental securities. The company was founded on September 30, 1985 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. is a closed-end investment fund. Its objective is to seek current income through investment in Asian, Australian, and New Zealand debt securities. The company was founded on March 14, 1986 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

The India Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is long-term capital appreciation, which it seeks to achieve by investing primarily in the equity securities of Indian companies. The company was founded on December 27, 1993 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Japan Equity Fund, Inc. operates a closed-end management investment company. It outperforms over the long term, on a total return basis including appreciation and dividends, the Tokyo Stock Price Index, a composite market-capitalization weighted index of all common stocks listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The company was founded on July 12, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. It engages in the provision of high current income by investing primarily in fixed income securities. It also seeks capital appreciation, but only when consistent with its principal investment objective. The company was founded on June 28, 1991 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Co. Ltd. is a closed-end investment company. Its investment objective is to obtain current income and achieve incidental capital appreciation from investment in long-term debt securities. The company was founded on April 15, 1986 and is headquartered in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP provides legal services. Its areas include in corporate and securities, corporate restructuring, investment management, health care, real estate, environment and energy, employee benefits and executive compensation, commercial litigation, life insurance and annuities, insurance coverage, labor and employment, intellectual property, government and regulatory affairs, communications litigation, products liability and mass tort litigation, and private client services. The company was founded in 1849 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Dynamic Dividend Fund is a mutual fund, closed-end investment trust. It focuses on long-term growth of capital and seeks high current dividend income. The company was founded on May 11, 2006 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Total Dynamic Dividend Fund is a closed end investment fund. It focuses on long-term growth of capital. The company was founded on October 27, 2006 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.