David Anthony Casterton

abrdn Investments Ltd. (aIL) is an asset management firm headquartered in Midlothian, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., wholly-owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN). aIL provides their clients with discretionary and non-discretionary asset management and related services across a broad range of investment strategies and asset classes. They also offer an alternative platform which encompasses multi-manager research, selection and portfolio management for hedge funds strategies.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Part of Cantor Fitzgerald LP, Cantor Fitzgerald Europe is a British brokerage company. The company is based in London, UK. The CEOs are Sofocles Sofocleous, Sara Simmons, Juergen Haferkorn. The company was founded in 1945.

Société Générale SA (UK) (Société Générale UK) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of Societe Generale SA (XP: GLE, ADR: SCGLY) in France. Headquartered in London, Société Générale UK was founded in 1993 and provides broking services.

Brown, Shipley & Co. Ltd. (Brown Shipley) is the Great Britain-based private banking subsidiary of Quintet Private Bank (Europe) SA, itself a subsidiary of Precision Capital SA in Luxembourg. The firm was founded by William Brown in 1810. Headquartered in London, Brown Shipley manages a range of collective investments known as SVS Brown Shipley Funds for private, institutional and corporate clients.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, Prebon Yamane International Ltd. is a broker in the sterling money market providing services to banks and other financial institutions. The company is based in London, UK. The British company was founded in 1991 by Edward Teraskiewicz.

Tullett Prebon Group Ltd. provides electronic trading in equities, bonds, interest rate derivatives, and foreign exchange. It is an interdealer broker. The company was founded in 1971 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

PVM Oil Associates Ltd. opened in 1980 with two employees and now, together with its sister company PVM Oil Futures Ltd., employs 90 people in its Jermyn Street office in London's West End. The company's commitment has been to provide a complete broking service for the oil industry. The London crude oil group has 15 brokers covering the Brent, WTI, Dubai, Urals, paper, physical and EFP markets. It has been the leading international team for over 25 years and has an unparalleled depth of experience. The options group has 5 brokers focusing on crude oil. The petroleum products group has 22 brokers covering LPG, naphtha, gasoline, jet fuel, gasoil and fuel oil. The broking teams have expertise on both the physical and swaps markets and the facility to call on input from the crude and futures groups to develop crack and margin business. The London broking operation is unique in the strength of its OTC crude, futures and products groups which combine to provide a unique service. No other group matches PVM's volume of business, depth of coverage or stability of staff.

KBC Securities NV is a broker/dealer firm headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of KBC Bank NV, itself a subsidiary of KBC Groupe SA (EBR: KBC). KBC Securities provides liquidity and order execution services to institutional clients internationally, from investment banks to mutual funds and private investors.

Commerzbank AG (UK) is the UK brokerage division of Commerzbank AG (FR: CBK) in Germany. Based in London, they engage in equity, debt and derivative instrument trading, investment banking, public finance and treasury, interest-rate and currency management, as well as corporate finance. In 2009 Dresdner Bank was acquired by and merged into Commerzbank and the London-based activities of Dresdner Kleinwort Securities absorbed into Commerzbank AG (UK). The firm provides capital markets services, corporate advisory, risk management, research and lending services focused on equity, corporate and emerging-market debt, derivatives and money market products. Their clients are European and international corporations, institutions and government entities. In terms of corporate finance they offer financial advisory as well as execution capabilities for a wide range of corporate finance-related transactions on a global basis. Their primary focus is on mergers and acquisitions, disposals, equity issues and initial public offerings.

Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG (United Kingdom) (Berenberg-UK) is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer division of Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG, a multinational full-service investment bank in Germany. Headquartered in London, Berenberg-UK was founded in 2003 and provides trading and brokerage services to institutional and corporate clients.

Edison Investment Research Ltd. (Edison) is an investment research, investor relations and consulting firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Stephen Rogers and Fraser Thorne in 2003. They are a subsidiary of Edison Global Ltd. Edison provides investment research to international investors, advisors and stakeholders.

BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd. (BIM-UK) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of BlackRock Finance Europe Ltd., ultimately owned by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. BIM-UK was founded in 2006 following the merger of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and BlackRock. In 2009, BlackRock merged with Barclays Global Investors, including the iShares exchange traded funds business. The combined firm operates under the BlackRock name and has retained the iShares brand. BIM-UK manages a family of mutual funds and acts as sub-advisor to other mutual and pension funds. They also offer alternative investments and managed accounts for individual and institutional clients.

TP ICAP Finance Plc operates as an intermediary in wholesale financial markets facilitating the trading activities of its clients, in particular commercial and investment banks. It provides voice, hybrid and electronic broking, volume matching, algorithmic matching and risk mitigation platforms. The company's products include volatility, rates, non banking, treasury, energy and commodities, credit and equities. TP ICAP was founded on May 5, 2006 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, Tullett Prebon Group Holdings Ltd. is a British company that provides investment and financial services. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 2000.

Part of MF Global Holdings Ltd., MF Global UK Ltd. is a company that provides brokerage services. The company is based in London, UK.

Redburn (Europe) Ltd. (dba Redburn Atlantic) is an equity brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2003 by Jeremy Evans and Nick Glydon. They are a wholly owned subsidiary of Rothschild & Co. Continuation Holdings AG, ultimately owned by Rothschild & Co SCA. (EPA: ROTH) in France. Redburn Atlantic provides institutional investors with US and European equity research, trade execution and capital markets services. Their Execution Services division delivers high-touch sales trading and execution as well as low-touch execution and algorithmic solutions. The division also offers market structure and trading analytics.

Banco Santander SA (London) (Banco Santander London) is the UK-based brokerage subsidiary of Banco Santander SA (BME: SAN). The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1955. Banco Santander London provides brokerage services to their clients.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, TP Holdings Ltd. functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK. TP Holdings was founded in 1995.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, Tullett Prebon (Europe) Ltd. is a wholesale inter-dealer broker that offers a range of financial products and services such as alternative investments, European government bonds, volatility trading, interest rate options, capital markets, institutional equities, euro stoxx options, commodities, treasury, credit derivatives, and equity derivatives. The company is based in London, UK. Tullett Prebon's Interest Rate division is a world leader in interdealer broking and provides voice broking services. The British company, founded in 1969, also provides a 24-hour dealing desk in the FX market to institutional clients with anonymous trading and real-time market information through its Chapdelaine FX division.

Founded in 1975, Exco Overseas Ltd. is a subsidiary of TP ICAP Group Plc and functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, ICAP Holdings (UK) Ltd. functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, ICAP Management Services Ltd. is a leading markets operator and provider of post trade risk mitigation and information services. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 1987. The British company facilitates the flow of capital and investment through the financial system and supports government and corporate borrowing. ICAP specializes in trading markets that are more liquid and have a high degree of consistent buying and selling interest on electronic platforms.

Tullett Prebon (Securities) Ltd. provides brokerage services. It also provides real-time price information from the wholesale inter-dealer brokered financial and commodity markets. The firm offers foreign exchange and money markets, interest rate derivatives, and swaps, and fixed income price information. The company was founded on December 12, 1991 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

United First Partners LLP is a leading special situations investment and advisory group that offers bespoke investment solutions to corporates and security holders. United First Partners is based in London, UK, and has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and the United States. The British company has an extended network that allows them to offer exclusive meetings with industry leaders, politicians, and high-level consultants. The private company invests and advise in minority, majority, convert, crypto, distressed, and restructuring deals. The company also facilitates investors with efficient and discrete stake building/disposals, taking into account country-specific securities regulations and disclosure rules. The company was founded in 2009 by Stephane C. Mardel and Michael Simon Maklouf Hadjedj, who have been the CEOs since 2009.

Founded in 1980, Candover Investments is a private equity firm based in London, the UK.

Libra Investment Services Ltd. provides investment research. The private company is based in London, UK. The British company was founded in 2011 by Robert McCreery and Chris M. Tinker. Chris M. Tinker has been the CEO since 2011.

Segantii Capital Management (UK) Ltd. (Segantii UK) is a UK-based alternative investment firm which was founded by David Sayer in 2014. The firm is a subsidiary of Segantii Capital Management Ltd., which is owned by Segantii Capital Management (Cayman) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Segantii UK provides investment management services to institutional clients.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, Tullett Prebon Investment Holdings Ltd. functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK.

Founded in 1981, Tullett Prebon Latin America Holdings Ltd. is a part of TP ICAP Group Plc and functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK.

United First Management Ltd. provides financial services. The private company is based in London, UK and was founded in 2012.

Systema Nova Ltd (Systema) is a venture capital firm founded in 2018 by Stephane Mardel and Christophe. The firm is headquartered in London and is wholly owned by United First Partners LLP.

Tullett Prebon UK Ltd. engages in inter-dealer broker and intermediary services in wholesale financial markets. The company facilitates the trading activities of its clients, primarily commercial and investment banks in the Asia Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas. The company’s products cover rates include interest rate swaps and options, government bonds, repurchase agreements, basis swaps, futures and future options, inflation swaps and bonds, and repos; treasury products, include spot and forward FX, and cash money markets; volatility in the areas of FX options, interest rate and equity options. Tullett Prebon UK is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Founded in 1985, Garban International Ltd. is a subsidiary of TP ICAP Group Plc and functions as an investment holding British company. The company is based in London, UK.

Part of TP ICAP Group Plc, P V M Oil Futures Ltd. is a British company that provides intercontinental exchange services. The company is based in London, UK.