Sphia Salim

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group UK Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Trushelfco Ltd. Headquartered in London, GSI provides prime brokerage, securities lending, futures services and financing services for a range of clients such as corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals.

BNP Paribas Securities Corp. engages in the provision of brokerage services. It offers commercial banking, corporate and institutional banking, asset management, fleet services, and real estate. The company was founded on September 7, 1984 and is headquartered New York, NY.

HSBC Bank Plc provides commercial banking and financial services. It operates in four businesses: Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, and Global Private Banking. The Retail Banking and Wealth Management business offers personal banking, mortgages, loans, credit cards, savings and investments and insurance services. The Commercial Banking business offers financial products and services to enable them to operate efficiently and meet their business aspirations. The Global Banking and Markets business offers capital financing, transaction and advisory banking services, trade, research, securities services and global liquidity and cash management. The Global Private Banking business offers investment management, incorporating advisory, discretionary and brokerage, private wealth solutions, comprising trusts and estate planning services. The company was founded in 1865 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

Société Générale SA (UK) (Société Générale UK) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of Societe Generale SA (XP: GLE, ADR: SCGLY) in France. Headquartered in London, Société Générale UK was founded in 1993 and provides broking services.

Part of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., MUFG Securities EMEA Plc is a brokerage services provider. The company is based in London, UK. The British company was founded in 1983. John David Winter has been the CEO of the company since 2019.

Carmignac Gestion SA is an independent French asset management firm which was founded by Edouard Carmignac and Eric Helderlé in 1989. Headquartered in Paris, the firm is a fund management specialist, with particular expertise in emerging markets. Their clients include institutions, high-net worth individuals and retail investors. Carmignac is a socially responsible investor and signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI) which integrates environmental, social, and governance considerations into their investment process.

Odey Asset Management LLP (OAM) is the Great Britain-based, alternative investment management subsidiary of Odey Asset Management Group Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Odey Holdings AG in Switzerland. The firm was founded by Crispin Odey in 1991 as Odey Partners LLP. Headquartered in London, OAM provides investment advice to hedge funds, funds of hedge funds, retail and institutional mutual funds and their affiliated collective investment schemes. They also offer investment advice through its managed accounts to banks and thrift institutions, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates and charitable organizations, corporations and high net-worth individuals.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. is a securities brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. They are a subsidiary of Alliancebernstein Corp. of Delaware, ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH) in the US. Founded in 1999, the firm provides fundamental research and full service execution services to institutional clients globally. They offer bottom-up coverage and portfolio strategies supported by sophisticated quantitative tools.

Part of Jarden Partners Ltd., Jarden Securities Ltd. is a New Zealander financial services company that offers a suite of services designed to accommodate clients' financial goals, from fully managed to transactional only. The company is based in Auckland, New Zealand and offers services such as foreign exchange, managing currency and commodity pricing risks, trading futures and options, and providing debt to equity. Jarden Securities was acquired by First NZ Capital Ltd. on October 14, 2002. Jarden Securities is a leading independent investment and advisory group that offers a complete range of finance and investment products and services. The company was founded in 1961. James Samuel Lee has been the CEO of the company since 2000.

Merrill Lynch Far East Ltd. is the stockbroking subsidiary of Merrill Lynch HK Services Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. Headquartered in Hong Kong, the firm was founded in 2003 and offers a broad range of brokerage services to institutional investors.

Deutsche Bank AG (Deutsche Bank UK) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1873. Deutsche Bank provides brokerage services to companies and institutions.

Barclays Capital Securities Ltd. (BCS) is the brokerage subsidiary of Barclays Bank plc, which is owned by Barclays Plc (LON: BARC), an international financial services group in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in London with offices worldwide. BCS provides prime brokerage services which include equities and fixed income financing, OTC Clearing, Futures and Foreign Exchange Prime Brokerage and access to industry insights and analytics.

Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Europe) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Credit Suisse Investment Holdings (UK), itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1966 and formerly known as Credit Suisse First Boston (Europe) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Credit Suisse Europe arranges financing in international capital markets, provides financial advisory services and acts as a dealer in securities, derivatives and foreign exchange on a principal and agency basis for corporate and institutional investors.

Exane SA (Broker) (Exane) is the brokerage division of Exane SA, itself a subsidiary of Verner Investissements SAS in France. Established in 2004 as a joint venture between BNP Paribas and Verner Investissements, the firm is based in Paris and specializes in European equity research and broking activities. Exane has research centers in Paris and London which are supported by a team of economists and strategists.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

The Royal Aeronautical Society owns and operates membership organization for aerospace professionals. Its members come from the aerospace industry including engineers, pilots, legal specialists, bankers, air traffic controllers, cabin crew members, marketers, and journalists. The company was founded in 1866 and is headquartered in London, UK.

Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG (United Kingdom) (Berenberg-UK) is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer division of Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. KG, a multinational full-service investment bank in Germany. Headquartered in London, Berenberg-UK was founded in 2003 and provides trading and brokerage services to institutional and corporate clients.

HSBC Bank Plc (Broker) (HSBC Bank-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of HSBC Bank Plc, which is owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC Bank-Broker was founded in 1880 and offers bespoke brokerage services across every major asset class for their corporate and institutional clients.

Standard & Poor's Investment Advisory Services (UK) Ltd. is the Great Britain-based financial research subsidiary of S&P Global, Inc. (NYSE: SPGI) in the US. Formerly known as McGraw-Hill Financial Research Europe Ltd., established in 1994 as Standard & Poor's LLC, the firm is located in London.

BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd. (BIM-UK) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of BlackRock Finance Europe Ltd., ultimately owned by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. BIM-UK was founded in 2006 following the merger of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and BlackRock. In 2009, BlackRock merged with Barclays Global Investors, including the iShares exchange traded funds business. The combined firm operates under the BlackRock name and has retained the iShares brand. BIM-UK manages a family of mutual funds and acts as sub-advisor to other mutual and pension funds. They also offer alternative investments and managed accounts for individual and institutional clients.

Part of Bank of America Corp., Merrill Lynch South Africa Pty Ltd. is a South African financial services company that offers financial planning tools, calculators, and resources to help individuals stay on track with their financial goals and plan for the future. Merrill Lynch South Africa is based in Johannesburg, ZA. The company provides a suite of banking products and services, including checking, savings, and credit cards, and also helps manage investment portfolios with options that align with clients' financial goals. Richard Gush has been the CEO of the company since 2012.

Liberum Capital Ltd. (Liberum) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Shane Le Prevost in 2007 to provide a different style of broking. They were acquired by Panmure Liberum Ltd. from TN Holdings (BVI) Ltd. in 2024. Headquartered in London, Liberum provides trading and execution services for institutional clients. They bring liquidity into the niches that matter and are market-makers in various large, mid and small-cap stocks.

Craigs Investment Partners Ltd. is an independent brokerage firm headquartered in Tauranga, New Zealand. The firm was founded in 1984 and provides New Zealand and international institutional clients an in-depth local perspective with global market insights to deliver effective trading and exceptional execution.

Jefferies International Ltd. (JIL) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Jefferies Holdings II Ltd., ultimately held by Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE: JEF) in the US. JIL provides broking services to various investors.

The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. (Broker) (HSBC-Broker) is the brokerage division of The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. in Hong Kong. Their ultimate parent is HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA), a multinational investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered in London, UK. HSBC-Broker provides securities brokerage services to their clients.

BofA Securities, Inc. is a registered broker-dealer subsidiary of NB Holdings Corp., ultimately held by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC). Headquartered in New York, the firm was founded in 2015 and offers trade execution, trading or brokerage services to institutional clients.

Exane SA (United Kingdom) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Exane SA in France, which is owned by BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP). Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 2019 and provides institutional investors with a range of services, such as research, sale and execution on European equities.

Velero Immobilien AG provides property rental and management services. The company was founded by Sascha Giest and Thomas Lange in 2015 and is headquartered in Berlin, Germany.

Founded in 1958, Merrill Lynch Piece Fenner & Smith, Inc. is an SEC registered broker/dealer located in New York City. The firm is a subsidiary of BAC North America Holding Co. and their ultimate parent is Bank of America Corp. (NYSE BAC).