F. David Melka

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.

Candriam France SAS is the French asset management subsidiary of Candriam Luxembourg, ultimately owned by New York Life Insurance Co. in the US. The firm was founded in 1996 as Dexia Asset Management SA. Headquartered in Paris, Candriam France provides portfolio management and advisory services to pooled investment vehicles, pension plans, insurance companies, banking institutions, corporations, and charitable organizations.

Candriam Belgium SA (Candriam) is the Belgian asset management subsidiary of Candriam Luxembourg SCA, ultimately held by New York Life Insurance Co. in the US. Founded in 1998, the firm was formerly known as Dexia Asset Management Belgium SA, the asset management division of Dexia SA (XB: DEXB). In 2014, New York Life Investments acquired Dexia Asset Management and the firm changed their name to Candriam, which is an acronym of their core values: “Conviction and Responsibility in Asset Management”. Headquartered in Brussels, Candriam provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to US registered funds, a limited number of US natural persons, and to institutions.

Candriam SCA is an asset management firm headquartered in Strassen, Luxembourg. Formerly known as Dexia Asset Management (Luxembourg) SA, the firm was founded in 1991 and changed their name to Candriam Luxembourg SCA in 2014 and Candriam SCA in 2022. They are a subsidiary of Candriam Group SARL, ultimately owned by New York Life Insurance Co. in the US. Candriam provides asset management services to clients globally.

Western Asset Management Co. (Western Asset) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Pasadena, California. The firm was founded in 1971 and is a subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc., which is owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. Western Asset provides discretionary investment management services to primarily institutional clients.

New York Life Insurance Co. engages in the provision of insurance products and services. It offers life insurance, retirement income, long term care, investments, and premier services. The company was founded on April 12, 1845 and is headquartered in New York, NY.

Founded in 2001, Danske Markets, Inc. is a registered US broker/dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm provides US institutional investors with access to a broad range of opportunities to invest in securities listed on exchanges and markets in the Nordic Region and other European countries. They employ the execution and settlement capabilities of their affiliate, Danske Bank A/S. Danske Markets offer brokerage and other services in foreign bonds and foreign equity shares that are traded on exchanges and over-the-counter in Europe and other foreign markets, as well as foreign research reports prepared by Danske Bank A/S.

Cornell University is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and post graduate programs. It was founded in 1865 and is based in Ithaca, NY.

JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Ltd. (JPM Asia) is the Hong Kong-based brokerage subsidiary of JP Morgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM), a global financial services company headquartered in the US. JPM Asia provides brokerage services to local corporations and institutions, multinationals, governments and private clients.

Part of Forenet Kredit f.m.b.a., Nykredit Markets is a loan broker. The company is based in Copenhagen, Denmark. The CEO of the Danish company is Jeannette Kiirdal Madsen.

The New York Society of Security Analysts, Inc. operates as a financial services trade group and networking forum for wall street and provides Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) exam. The company was founded in 1937 and is headquartered in New York, NY.

Part of Forenet Kredit f.m.b.a., Nykredit Asset Management is a Danish company that provides asset management services. The company is based in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Part of New York Life Insurance Co., Candriam Luxembourg Zweigniederlassung Deutschland provides fund management services. The company is based in Frankfurt, Germany. The German company was founded in 2006. The CEO is Jean-Yves Marie Pierre Maldague.