Bill DeRosa

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Soros Fund Management LLC (SFM) is a privately-held investment management firm now structured as a family office, but which was once a hedge fund manager. The firm was founded in 1969 and is headquartered in New York City. SFM serves as the principal asset manager for the Open Society Foundations (Open Society) – a private funder of independent groups that works for justice, democratic governance, and human rights.

Tudor Investment Corp. (TIC) is an independent, SEC-registered investment adviser and hedge fund manager headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. The firm was founded in 1980 by Paul T. Jones, II. TIC provides discretionary investment advisory services to various hedge funds, private equity funds and managed accounts. Investors in these funds generally include high-net worth individuals and related entities, sovereign entities, pension funds, non-financial corporates, financial institutions, endowments and foundations, fund-of-fund vehicles and proprietary capital from current and former personnel.

Magnetar Financial LLC is a SEC-registered investment advisor and hedge fund firm headquartered in Evanston, Illinois. The firm was founded by Alec Litowitz and Ross Laser in 2005 and is a subsidiary of Magnetar Capital Partners LP. Magnetar Financial serves as the investment manager for, and provides discretionary and may at times provide non-discretionary investment advisory services to, several private investment funds and separately managed accounts. Investors in the funds and clients for managed accounts may include pension plans, foundations, funds of funds, other institutional investors and high net-worth individuals.

Dakota Plains Holdings, Inc. was engaged in developing and owning crude oil and related product transloading facilities, and the marketing and transporting of crude oil originating within the Williston Basin of North Dakota and Montana. The company was founded in 2008 and was headquartered in Wayzata, MN.