Christopher Richter

CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. (CLSA Japan) is the Japan-based brokerage subsidiary of CLSA Ltd., itself a subsidiary of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. (SH: 600030; HK: 6030; PK: CIIHY) in China. The firm was established in 2004 as Calyon Securites Ltd. They subsequently became Credit Agricole Securities Asia B.V., Tokyo Branch and changed their name to CLSA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. in 2013 when they merged with CLSA Japan Co. Headquartered in Hong Kong, CLSA Japan provides brokerage services including Japanese & Asian research and European equities. The CLSA Japan team works closely with the global sales teams in London, NY, Hong Kong and Singapore.

HSBC Securities (Japan) Ltd. (HSBC-SJ) is the Japanese brokerage arm and a subsidiary of London-based HSBC Holdings Plc (LSE: HSBA; NYSE: HBC). Located in Tokyo and formerly known as James Capel Pacific Ltd., the firm became part of HSBC in 1997. HSBC-SJ is an equity-oriented brokerage firm whose activities encompass fixed-income and treasury as well. The firm specializes in Japanese securities, provides financial advisory, offers prime brokerage services to third-party alternative asset managers and private banking services geared at high-net worth individuals. Their clients include central banks, Japanese and international corporations, institutions, and financial institutions. The firm provides equity-related research and trading, and takes a global approach to quantified strategic analysis and company valuation focused on economic value added and discounted cash flow. Fixed-income trading and underwriting capabilities comprise Yen-denominated, Asian and international bonds, euro medium-tem notes and private placements, debt finance and alternative investment products.

BofA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. (BofA Securities Japan) is the wholly-owned Japanese brokerage subsidiary of Merrill Lynch International, Inc., which is ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC). Founded in 1998, the firm was formerly known as Merrill Lynch Japan Securities Co., Ltd. (MLJS) and changed their name to BofA Securities Co., Ltd. in line with grobal re-branding from BofA Merrill Lynch to BofA in 2020. They subsequently became BofA Securities Japan Co., Ltd. Headquartered in Tokyo, BofA Securities Japan provides stock and bond trading, capital markets, investment banking and other advisory services to corporate clients, financial institutions and government agencies.