Christian Pittard

abrdn Japan Equity Fund, Inc. operates a closed-end management investment company. It outperforms over the long term, on a total return basis including appreciation and dividends, the Tokyo Stock Price Index, a composite market-capitalization weighted index of all common stocks listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The company was founded on July 12, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

The Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. (formerly known as The Latin America Investment Fund, Inc.) (the 'Company'), a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Maryland, confirms its agreement with Aberdeen Asset Management Investment Services Limited (the 'Adviser'), a corporation organized under the laws of United Kingdom

Aberdeen Singapore Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is capital appreciation, which it seeks through investment primarily in Singapore equity securities as well as invests in in equity securities issued by companies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. The company was founded on May 31, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

First Israel Fund, Inc. is a closed ended mutual fund. The Fund may invest up to 80% of its total assets in 'Asian debt securities', and may be denominated in an Asian Country currency or in Australian, New Zealand or U.S. dollars.

abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. It engages in the provision of high current income by investing primarily in fixed income securities. It also seeks capital appreciation, but only when consistent with its principal investment objective. The company was founded on June 28, 1991 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Co. Ltd. is a closed-end investment company. Its investment objective is to obtain current income and achieve incidental capital appreciation from investment in long-term debt securities. The company was founded on April 15, 1986 and is headquartered in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.

abrdn Global Dynamic Dividend Fund is a mutual fund, closed-end investment trust. It focuses on long-term growth of capital and seeks high current dividend income. The company was founded on May 11, 2006 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Total Dynamic Dividend Fund is a closed end investment fund. It focuses on long-term growth of capital. The company was founded on October 27, 2006 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Premier Properties Fund is a closed-end management investment company. Its primary investment objective is capital appreciation and its secondary investment objective is high current income. The company was founded on February 13, 2007 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Income Credit Strategies Fund, operates as a global credit, non diversified and closed-end management investment company. It intends to seek risk-adjusted returns with high current income and the potential for capital appreciation. The company was founded on October 12, 2010 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

abrdn Holdings Ltd. engages in the provision of investment management services. The company focuses on financial assets such as equities, fixed income, and alternatives. It also offers solutions including strategy research, asset allocations views, manager selection, portfolio construction, and client portfolio. The company was founded by Martin James Gilbert on March 2, 1983 and is headquartered in Aberdeen, the United Kingdom.

abrdn Australia Ltd. is the Australian asset management subsidiary of abrdn Asia Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 2000 as Equitilink Australia Ltd. and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management Ltd. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments (Australia) Ltd. they were renamed into abrdn Australia Ltd. to reflect abrdn’s global rebranding in 2021. Headquartered in Sydney, abrdn Australia manages the Group's Australian and New Zealand assets for a range of global and domestic clients such as listed investment companies, managed investment schemes and segregated mandates. In addition, the firm provides local clients with access to the Group's investment capabilities which include domestic, regional equity and fixed-income, international equity and fixed-income and single country equity products.

Aberdeen Private Wealth Management Ltd. provides wealth management services. It manages portfolios for wealthy individuals, trusts, charities and family offices all over the world. The company is headquartered in Saint Helier, the United Kingdom.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. The fund’s principal investment objective is to seek both current income and long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in emerging markets equity securities. It invests its assets in Chilean equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 30, 1989 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Smaller Co. Opportunities Fund, Inc. operates as a closed-end investment fund/investment trust. It seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in equity securities of telecommunications companies in emerging market. The company was founded on October 12, 1993 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Israeli equity securities. The company was founded on March 6, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Indonesian equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 8, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Latin American equity securities. The company was founded on April 17, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Global Short Duration Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is to seek capital appreciation and will seek to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a geographically diverse portfolio of below investment grade floating rate loans and floating and fixed rate high yield debt securities. The Fund will invest in loans and other debt securities of issuers located in the United States and in non U. S. countries. Aberdeen Global Short Duration Income was founded on August 28, 2009 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Infrastructure Income Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund's investment objective is to seek to provide a level of total return with an emphasis on current income. Its investment portfolios include Public & Private/Direct Infrastructure Investments. The company is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.